Papua New Guinea (PNG) is located in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea, along with numerous smaller islands. It covers a land area of about 462,840 square kilometers and has a population of approximately 9 million people. PNG is known for its remarkable biodiversity, with dense rainforests, mountains, and active volcanoes. The country is culturally diverse, with over 800 distinct languages spoken, making it one of the most linguistically diverse nations in the world. Port Moresby is the capital and largest city. The economy is largely driven by natural resources, including oil, gas, and minerals, while subsistence farming remains crucial for many rural communities. Papua New Guinea also has a rich cultural heritage, with traditional ceremonies, art, and dance playing an important role in local life.