South & Central America 

Argentina, located in South America, is the eighth-largest country in the world, covering about 2.78 million square kilometers. It has a population of approximately 46 million people. The capital and largest city is Buenos Aires. Known for its diverse landscapes—from the Andes mountains and Patagonia in the south to the Pampas plains and Iguazú Falls in the north—Argentina boasts rich cultural traditions, including tango music and dance, world-renowned literature, and a strong passion for football.

Colombia is a sovereign state largely situated in the northwest of South America, with territories in Central America. It has an area of 1,141,748 sq. km (440,831 sq. mi.) and has a population of about 50 million people.

The Dominican Republic is a Caribbean nation that shares the island of Hispaniola with Haiti. It covers a land area of about 48,671 square kilometers and has a population of around 11 million people. The capital city is Santo Domingo, which is also the oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Americas.

Ecuador, located on the west coast of South America, covers about 283,561 square kilometers and has a population of around 18 million people. The capital city is Quito, known for its well-preserved colonial architecture. Ecuador is famous for its rich biodiversity, especially in the Galápagos Islands, as well as its varied geography that includes the Andes mountains, Amazon rainforest, and Pacific coastline.

Guyana, located on the northern coast of South America, covers a land area of about 214,970 square kilometers and has a population of around 800,000 people. The capital city is Georgetown. Known for its lush rainforests, rivers, and waterfalls—such as the famous Kaieteur Falls—Guyana is rich in biodiversity and natural beauty.

Honduras, located in Central America, covers a land area of about 112,492 square kilometers and has a population of around 10 million people. The capital is Tegucigalpa. Known for its mountainous interior, Caribbean coastline, and rich biodiversity, Honduras is home to ancient Maya ruins like Copán and vibrant cultural traditions rooted in indigenous and Spanish heritage.

Peru, located on the western coast of South America, covers about 1.28 million square kilometers and has a population of around 34 million people. The capital city is Lima. Known for its rich history and cultural heritage, Peru was home to ancient civilizations, including the Inca Empire, with Machu Picchu as a world-famous landmark.

Suriname, located on the northeastern coast of South America, covers about 163,820 square kilometers and has a population of around 600,000 people. The capital city is Paramaribo. It is known for its tropical rainforests, diverse wildlife, and multicultural society with influences from Indigenous, African, Dutch, Indian, and Javanese heritage.

Venezuela, located on the northern coast of South America, covers about 916,445 square kilometers and has a population of around 28 million people. The capital city is Caracas. Known for its natural beauty, Venezuela is home to Angel Falls—the world's tallest waterfall—along with vast plains, mountains, and Amazon rainforest. The country has significant oil reserves, which have long been central to its economy.