Northern Ireland is a constituent country of the United Kingdom, located on the island of Ireland. It covers an area of about 14,130 square kilometers and has a population of around 1.9 million people. The capital and largest city is Belfast. Northern Ireland has a complex political history, particularly regarding its relationship with the Republic of Ireland and issues related to unionism and nationalism, which led to decades of conflict known as "The Troubles." Today, Northern Ireland is known for its scenic landscapes, including the Mourne Mountains and the Giant’s Causeway, as well as its vibrant cultural heritage, with a rich tradition in music, literature, and art. Its economy is driven by industries such as manufacturing, services, and agriculture.